Tag: trading

All trading related articles are found here. Educative, informative and written clearly.

When to Sell Option Call?

If the trade is going in your favor or for the trade that is going against you – don’t wait until expiration to see what happens. Sell before.

Fresh traders, particularly those with a little amount on the account, like to buy options. But do they understand all the rules? The vast of them somehow skip selling prior to the expiration date. The truth is that the call option could be sold at any time. Call options give you the right to buy some assets, you already know that. To know when to sell the option call, pay attention to several situations.

Let’s say you own calls and you decide to let them expire worthlessly. That’s okay. Your decision. But if you forgot and the stock closes on the expiration date the options will automatically be exercised whenever it is “in-the-money” when the market closes.

And it will be a problem when the next day comes. The next day, the day after the expiration date, the margin call will come. Where is the problem? When you buy an option call, you are buying the right to buy a stock. Did you know that? If you are new in the options trading it is likely you didn’t. And what happens? When margin call comes you have to pay for shares and you’ll be forced to sell your call options. So, it is better for you to sell your options calls before the expiration date.

So, you have to close your trade before the expiration date.

When you opened your position your aim was to make a profit, right? So, don’t wait for options to get too close to the expiration date because they will lose the value. As the expiry date is closer, the value is going down. To make a profit it is better to sell your options and close the trade. Of course, you may take a loss too but if you wait longer and as you are approaching the expiration date, the chances to avoid loss are almost zero.

Avoid margin call

Lett’s say you bought one call option. How to know when to sell option call? Don’t forget that one option controls 100 shares of stock. And let’s say the strike price is $30. If the stock closes at $30,03 your options will be automatically exercised and you’ll be the owner of 100 shares of stock. Further, your broker will send you a margin call if you don’t have a sufficient amount on your account to pay that stock. And what you have to do? You will be forced to sell the stock to close out your trade. More often, you will sell it below the exercise price. But it isn’t necessary to be your case. You can avoid this unpleasant situation. Just close out your open position before the expiration day. Before the market closes, of course.

For a strike price, you can calculate the cost to buy a call option and the cost to use it. You can find plenty of websites with options quotes. All you have to do is to type a stock’s ticker symbol and get a quote. You will see a column with months arranged and with the options expiring that particular month. Remember, you can trade the option until the third Friday of the expiration month.

Calculate options for a strike price

Find your wanted strike price in the “strike” column. Strike prices are ordered from cheaper than the stock price to higher than the stock price. Suppose the stock’s price is $50 and the strike prices ranging from $20 to $70 in a $2 increase. And you want to calculate an option with a $60 strike price. And suppose you want to buy a call option with a $2 “ask” price.

To calculate the whole price to buy one option contract you have to multiply the ask price by 100. In our example, it is $2 x 100 which is $200. No, it doesn’t amount to buying the stock, this amount of money you have to pay for the right to buy the stock.

Let’s go further. The next thing to do is to multiply the strike price by 100. That is an added amount you have to pay to use the option.

$60 x 100 = $6,000

This means you can buy 100 shares of stock for $6,000 before the expiration date.

Use volatility forecast

In general, volatility is extremely important when buying or selling options. Since “returning towards the mean” is especially noticeable on volatility, you can somehow easily forecast the volatility as it goes above a certain point or less than a certain point – it will, most likely, return towards the average volatility.

You can check the VIX to measure market volatility. Learn here how to do it.

Bottom line

Don’t buy call options with the aim to own the stock when the options expire. Your goal has to be to buy a call option and profit when the stock price grows. If call options expire in the money, you will end up paying a bigger amount to buy the stock. Much bigger than what you would have paid if you had bought the stock. If you want to hold the stock, buy it. Don’t play games with options.

And finally, one important note when it comes to questioning when to sell option call.

The European-style options expire on the third Thursday of the month. The American options expire on the third Friday. Don’t forget about this time difference. This could result in huge financial losses for you.

Forecast volatility, that’s a key ingredient in profiting from option trading.

27th October 2019
Is PEG Ratio Really Useful?

The PEG ratio is one of the most popular metrics. It is so easy to calculate it. It never takes more than 10 secs even if you are not good at math.

But, what do you think, is this extremely simple metric, this PEG ratio really useful?

Let’s see. Let’s examine it a bit more on some examples.

First of all, the PEG ratio or the price/earnings to growth ratio is a stock valuation measure. Investors use it to evaluate a company’s performance and investment risk. It is a measure, so it can be calculated.

When the PEG ratio value is 1 we can say there is an excellent bond between the company’s market value and its expected earnings growth. If the PEG ratio is higher than 1, the stock is overvalued. But when the PEG ratio is lower than 1, the stock is undervalued.

The formula for PEG ratio is:

PE Ratio (Price/Earnings) / Expected Growth Rate = PEG Ratio

Assume we are examining two stocks with different characteristics

Stock A company:

price – $20/share
earnings – $4/share
expected EPS growth – 5%

Stock B company:

price – $40/share
earnings – $4/share
expected EPS growth = 20%

For stock A company

P/E ratio = $20/$4 = 5
PEG ratio = 5/5 = 1

For stock B company

P/E ratio = $40/$4 = 10
PEG ratio = 10/20 = 0.5

If we study the P/E ratio for valuation plans, we will discover that the stock B company has an advantage because it has a P/E ratio that is 50% less than that stock A company has. But if you find that company A is going to improve its earnings 5 times faster than company B, you may modify your opinion. If you use the price to earnings growth, you will see that the stock A company trades at a lower PEG ratio than stock B company. So, what can we conclude? Company A stock may give a better value.

But is that really true?

Well, there are some weaknesses connected to the PEG ratio. Earnings growth is not an isolated thing in the market minds. To get a whole picture of the stock value you have to take care of many factors such as cash flow, dividends, revenue growth, etc.

Further, when it comes to “growth” in the phrase “price/earnings to growth ratio” you will be faced with one problem when you are trying to value a company. You actually don’t know the rate of earnings growth. In the best case, you can guess or rely on Wall Street analysts. Having thin in mind, your PEG will be as good as your data is.

Well, something is good with the PEG ratio. It is very useful for smaller companies but for large companies (for example Disney or Ford) where the growth isn’t so important to total returns, it can cheat.

So, is the PEG ratio really useful?

You have to keep in mind that it isn’t a mathematical result. The method is as good as its inputs. The future growth rate could be the main problem in this PEG formula. When you or any analyst make forecasts about the future it can be wrong.

To make it clear, it is easy to calculate the PEG ratio for companies with weak growth. But, mature companies with excellent earnings and great dividends, have a slow growth rate. So, such companies will never have a PEG ratio of 1 or less. Right?

It is almost the same for companies with fast growth.

For instance, a company growing in a surplus of 30% per year will be incapable to maintain such a growth rate. Can you see how the PEG ratio is as good as its inputs? A huge amount of failures in the future earnings growth rises from a too optimistic or too pessimistic viewpoint for the company or industry. Getting an exact PEG ratio depends on what factors you use in the calculation. You may find that the PEG ratio is incorrect if you use historical growth rates. This one especially can lead to mistakes when future growth varies from the past.

Bottom line

Traders-Paradise wants to give some spotlight on the pros and cons of using the PEG ratio. As the answer to a question Is PEG ratio really useful, we can say: the PEG ratio is useful but only when you use it to improve a more precise discounted cash flow analysis or relative valuation.

23rd October 2019
NuVim Inc – Marijuana Penny Stock Under The Radar

By Gorica Gligorijevic

This company has two subsidiaries Stolle Milk Biologics, Inc., NuVim Powder, LLC. and stock price under one dollar

Maybe you still didn’t notice this stock. But don’t worry, many didn’t. NuVim Inc stock is currently very cheap as penny stocks. It was traded at $0.0133 at the close of trading on October 21. But it is a stock worth looking out.

Market cap $299,468
Current price $0,0133

NuVim Inc is a company from New Jersey. Actually, it was established in 1999 and is based in Lewes, Delaware. It sells vitamins and dietary supplement drinks. Why this particular stock is interesting to watch?

Well, its current CEO Rick Kundrat was VP at Unilever’s Thomas J. Lipton Inc and managed the merger with Pepsi in 1991. This deserves to be noticed because of the fast-expanding cannabidiol (CBD) market global. Rick Kundrat has talked about a possible merger for NuVim merger partners. If the company moves into CBD-infused drinks it could be huge progress and stocks could be a goldmine.

Cannabidiol is used for pain reduction. Moreover, it speeds up healing muscles and joints when have been weakened from hard exercise. But maybe the most important effect is in the field of arthritis or similar illnesses where it can help to reduce chronic pain.

NuVim, Inc. produces, distributes and sells beverage products

The NuVim is a dietary supplement accessible in the refrigerated juice sections of elite supermarkets and fitness stores. You can find it in three flavors: chocolate, vanilla, and strawberry. It helps to sustain the immune system, improves calcium absorption and digestion. NuVim contains a clinically proven natural prebiotic fiber.

NuVim INc is a small company with only 3 full-time employees, according to data from Yahoo Finance. From everything we know about this company, it falls into the packaged foods industry. The Company covers a range of user needs, like joint pain, muscle flexibility, wellness, weight control, nutrient supplement, and muscle recovery.

When we put this company under the phrase “under the radar” we didn’t have its unrecognition among the investors in mind. The lack of information is obvious. It is very hard to find full information about them. The last info came from the short report:

“During the second quarter of 2019, the company sold 1,000,000 shares of stock to Derek Spence for $10,000.”

This was really cheap.

As Traders-Paradise found, Derek R. Spence is Vi3’s CEO and Chairman of the Board. He joined Vi3 as an investor in 2012 and became a board member in 2014.

Bottom line

But what we all can see from its 3-months chart is the stock is doing well.
Yes, it is a very low float stock that is actively seeking and interviewing merger partners. The merger could send this stock very high. Grab this stock while it is cheap and wait for it to grow.
It isn’t expensive, honestly, it is very cheap. But this company has interesting potential. As support for this opinion, let’s repeat where is its focus. It is cannabidiol that is fast-expanding and becoming part of medicines, supplements, drinks. This company wants success and seeking for partnership telling us a lot. Grab it.

22nd October 2019
How To Know If a Stock is Worth Buying

How to recognize if a stock is worth investing in?
What causes a stock to be good or bad?
What things to consider?

By Guy Avtalyon

How to know if a stock is worth buying? Let’s assume you are new in this field and how you can decide what stock to buy. For some investors, it is a tricky part. To be honest, it is hard for everyone. The risk is involved, the volatility of stock or market, the investment goal. Everything is on the table. But if you follow some rules connected to the estimation you can figure out how to know if the stock is worth buying. Yes, many people will tell you stock investing is like a wheel of fortune. And they are wrong. Investing is like solving the problem. Everyone has its own way, own style, but the goal is the same: solving a problem.

Prudent investors must enter the stock investing as if they have to solve a problem. Step by step.

Buying stock isn’t like buying a new sofa and when you find it isn’t for your room you can take it back. When you buy stocks, you have to be convinced they will hold their value, increase in value, and you will gain profit when you sell or deliver to you notable dividends over time. The main point is to know when a stock is worth buying.

Look at the price

When you have to decide if some stock is worth buying the first thing you will find is its price. You have to figure out how much the ownership of shares in some companies will cost you.

The amount of money you have in your hands will determine how many shares you can buy but the most important is to know historical data about particular stock prices. If you find the stock has steadily increased over time you will know that you can expect a good value in the future.

Pay attention to revenue growth

Share prices will grow if a company is growing. A company is growing when rising its revenue. Increasing revenue will show you if the company is strong. We can say it is a major indicator often called top line. The important part is not looking at revenue isolated. You have to observe all rise and drops in each quarter and year. And here is the tricky part. The positive trendline is good for the stock price but the revenue may be dropping or be flat and it is important to understand why that is.

You should check the company’s current holdings, projections for future operations and stability. If you hear or read some news, no matter if they are local or even rumors that the company is doing bad, it is better to step back. You wouldn’t like to hold stocks with so much stress. Your money is involved and you could lose everything invested. So, check the company’s revenue, it is easy since almost all companies have their official websites where you can find all this info.

But keep one thing in mind. If it is a temporary situation and historical data shows its stock was good in price that can be good for you to buy a stock at a low price and wait for it to rebound over time.

Some stocks may temporarily drop in price and it can be a good deal to buy them now because they have the potential to recover.

What is the company’s earnings per share

This info is important and you can easily count it. Just divide the leftover amount at the end of each quarter by the number of shares the company has sold, and you get the earnings per share. For example, if a company made $100 million in profits in the prior year and has 52 million shares, the earnings per share is $1.92. As an investor, you should pay attention to this since the higher earnings per share (EPS) shows you that the company is in good shape. And the tricky part again arises. Some companies can manipulate with EPS. The process is simple. They do it by buying back their shares. In that way, they are boosting EPS but not increasing profits.

Use the technical and fundamental analysis to know if a stock is worth buying

You will have some idea about stock’s quality if you check the prices over the past 200 days, for example. And you will see the trends. Trends are repeating.

Analysts think that by observing the movement over a determined period, you can define the baseline, the point where the stock should recover. Here the advice, don’t buy the stock at its highs, wait to come close to the baseline or to hit it. Some may ask how is good stock if hits the baseline. Well, when the stock hits the peak it is expensive, the price is increased, and the stock has no more space to run so the only possible scenario is to go down. If you buy a stock at its peak you will lose your money. So, it isn’t a good time to buy a stock.

Also, perform fundamental analysis. That will show the current and projected financial aspect. Use that info to discover now’s value. Use the company’s statement and balance sheet to determine the business strength. It isn’t a 100% indicator, but it is enough good sign of what you can expect from the company in the foreseeable future.

How to know if a stock is worth buying

One thing is sure and you must have that in mind when you are trying to know if a stock is worth buying.

A company can’t manage every single thing that might affect the business. The general economy can influence the health of a company and its stock play. For example, consumer prices, the changes to interest rates can affect how a company is doing. That is not in connection with its own business. But, the stable economy produces companies’ wealth and share increases come with that. And opposite, share prices can stumble during times of economic uncertainty.

You will find many analysts that issue reports and tips about individual stocks. These tips appear with “buy” or “sell” ratings. But analysts often disagree, so it isn’t recommended to depend on one report. Always compare several to know if a stock is worth buying.

22nd October 2019
How to profit from The Stock Market Plunging?

By Guy Avtalyon

The stock market is plunging but will it crash or not is still unknown. It isn’t easy to predict the stock market crash because it occurs suddenly. The point is to be prepared for such a scenario and here are several ways on how to do so.

I don’t want to frighten you, but we have to talk about the stock market plunging.

The volatility of the markets is back again. Actually, the market is plunging. That is the data from the first six days in October. The S&P 500 has dropped a total of 83 points. Now it is almost 115 points lower than in September. Having this in mind, the trade war and the inverted yield curve, also, let us know how not to speak about a recession.

The stock market is plunging

These gaps are standard. For the last 70 years, there were 37 corrections in the S&P 500. If our counting is good that is almost every second year. And mentioned drops were about 10%. Now, we have 5% and such were more common in history.

This is the price we have to pay for long-term wealth making. So, you must understand that long-term investors have an advantage against the short-term since they would infrequently experience continuing damage from stock market corrections. Time and patience, wait for a bull market rally. It will nullify the correction in the stock market. Anyway, the point of long-term investing is to buy and hold. Hold on to your stocks, that is the key to winning in the long run.

I warned you how difficult this year can be. But when investors’ fears overwhelm the market and the stock market is plunging, there is still something you can do.

Is a safe-haven stock right move?

Yes, you can thrive during the stock market correction if you buy safe-haven stocks. For example, buy gold. The gold is a store of value, so it is a safe-haven asset.

The truth is that you will not gain a lot of profit by holding gold for a long time. It is a physical commodity, there is no dividends. So think about buying a stake of shares in some companies that produce the jewelry or anything of gold instead. Also, a good choice is to buy shares of mining. This is also a suitable alternative when the stock market is plunging and getting lower.

Stocks with low volatility

Companies that provide constant profits, pay a dividend, and have low volatility can be very beneficial when the course in the market turns. Some of them will give you yield much bigger than the yield of a 10-year Treasury bond, for example. Find some company with the old fashioned model of business. Yes, it can be boring but in the long run, it is excellent. The point is to survive the market plunging.

Basic goods and utilities as a safe investment

Buying stocks of some companies that produce cleanser or hygiene is an excellent choice. People will always need to be clean and they will buy these products no matter how deep the crisis is. Also, stocks of energy companies. They are not low-cost but they are eternal. Even more, these defensive basic-need stock can grow in a volatile market.

What to do when the stock market is plunging?

Many things in the markets depend on risk tolerance. Your investment portfolio is based on risk tolerance. The main problem with the stock market plunging and when it crashes is that they are coming suddenly, no one can be sure that the crash will come and when, or the market will recover. Market crashes happen quickly, there is no warning. The problem with investors’ risk tolerance is that is very hard to adjust it depending on circumstances, especially during the bear market. You’ll be emotional, panicked, you will be encompassed by fears. To avoid all of these, take care of your portfolio structure. You should hold liquid assets, such as cash, bonds. When the market crash occurs you need a through-out scenario to avoid losses. Liquide commodities will provide you that.

Being an investor means you have to put your feelings away. You have to make your decisions separate from them.
Investing is magnificent. But life is also.

During the bear markets, even trivial corrections can be remarkably dangerous. But at the same time, bear markets will offer you great moments. The point is to know what you want and where are looking for. But Warren Buffett thinks about bear markets as buying opportunities. The trick is that in such market periods the stock prices of large companies are going down. When that moment occurs watch in your favorite stocks. The time will do the rest. You should buy it when others are selling.

15th October 2019
Female Entrepreneurs Enjoy More Trust Than Male

Female entrepreneurs are faced with rude questions about private life, family, marital status, or children. At the initial stage, investors implied they are a greater risk of loss.

By Gorica Gligorijevic

According to a new report from the Female Founders Forum, female founders are bringing more venture capital funding. More than male founders.
Startups led by female founders raised extra rounds in the percentage of 52, while the male result is 51%. This is data from the UK. It isn’t a big difference but we can learn something from this data.

First of all, female entrepreneurs are faced with investors skepticism when starting the business. But as time goes by they gain more trust. So, we can say that the biggest difficulty for female entrepreneurs happens in the beginning stages of setting up a business. Later, when they break that wall, it becomes easier.

To illustrate how difficult is for females in the early stage of their businesses there is an additional statistical result. The numbers in funding in the early stage are horrible for female-led startups. Only 21% of them have access to any investment. But when they succeed to get it, their startups raise cash faster than males’.

The stats show: after 4 or 5 years from the first raise round, 66% of female-led startups are winning second funding round. On the side without a female founder, the result is 62,8%.

Female entrepreneurs success

Female entrepreneurs have long been underrepresented in entrepreneurship. Male entrepreneurs had an advantage but that bias is changing now. Actually, since 2007, for example, in the US the number of female entrepreneurs has grown over 30%. In the moment of the census 2012, females were on the head of 36% overall US businesses.

If we take a look at the global entrepreneur scene, according to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, entrepreneurship amid women grew bt 13%. In the same period, male entrepreneurship grew by 5%.

The fact is that females are starting their businesses harder and with more barriers, but when they jump over them they show better results. Some studies revealed that if there could be more gender parity in entrepreneurship, US GDP might grow by $28 trillion by 2025.

And the picture is almost the same all over the world.

The worst places for female entrepreneurs

A study by HSBC Private Banking has exposed that over 30% of female entrepreneurs felt gender bias while seeking investors. Also, females get about 5% less funding than males while trying capital funding. The survey titled ‘She’s the Business’, studied 1200 female and male entrepreneurs in 8 distinct markets. The focus was on the entrepreneurs who have gained a minimum of £100,000 worth of funding. The study titled ‘She’s the Business’, taken by the HSBC Private Banking pointed: “Our research identifies the particular hurdles faced by women in the start-up community at critical points along the way, and explores the underlying, often subtle reasons why female entrepreneurs feel negatively impacted”

Gender bias

The scary fact is that some female entrepreneurs were questioned about marital status, children, suggesting them they are a bigger risk for investors. This study reveals that the UK is probably the worst place for female entrepreneurs to try to raise funding. More than half of them said they felt gender bias. The next worst country is the US. The interesting thing, in China, only 17% of female entrepreneurs said they faced similar bias.

Women entrepreneurs have made changes that can lessen gender inequality. First is an expansion in business networks for women. That should help them to make connections.

The gender inequality can decrease when more women make their wealth. Female entrepreneurs are inviting investors to take effort by making the fundraising process more transparent, incorporating at least one women in the panels, presenting precise criteria, and complete feedback after.

The gender disparity between entrepreneurs will not bring progress.

11th October 2019
How Long to Hold Penny Stocks?

by G. Gligorijevic

Trading penny stocks is one of the most hazardous investments in the market. They are extremely cheap, and this makes them volatile.

Do you want to make money with these cheap stocks? Well, you have to know the basics. And one of the basics is to know how long to hold penny stocks. Like with many other assets in the market, you have to know when is the right time to buy penny stocks and when it is to sell.

But why the penny stocks are so special?

As a difference from most blue-chip stocks, penny stocks ordinarily don’t match cyclical trends in the market. It may be more challenging to recognize how long to hold penny stocks. In reality, penny stocks will follow the general market trends in the sector they belong to.

If a positive event happens, most stocks in the given sector will follow the trend.

When we are talking about penny stocks, as you can guess, a minimum change in price will cause a great gain in percentages. To understand this, take a look at this company’s stock chart.

BroadVision, Inc. is an international software vendor of self-service web apps for business social software, automated commerce, business portals, etc.

The stock price of BVSN was yesterday $2.84 which is $0.16 up or +5.97% from the previous trading day.

But here is the tricky part. Penny stocks, no matter which company you are looking at, will always hit the peak. But what is following after the peak is what matters. Apps are booming nowadays. And typically for the penny stocks is that when the whole sector is rising most sector stocks will jump. When it comes to high-tech penny stocks, the volatility joined with positive feelings has produced some serious breakouts. What happens after those breakouts is more important. The stocks may collapse or to consolidate.

The consolidation can be difficult

The stock will surely pull back but to a level lower than the peak and almost every time, that new level will be above previous highs.
What you as an investor or trader has to do is watch the indicators. Pay attention to indicators that display overbought or oversold. Use the RSI indicator. Yes, it is a simple tool but can help you to determine what to do with your penny stocks.
Never expect from penny stocks to give you a huge gain by holding them for a long time. Holding them too long is an extremely risky strategy. It is always better to set small goals. For example, 20-25% profit. Also, you can use some other stock-trading indicators or combine them. But you have to know that indicators will not show you everything.

Some traders don’t even use them, they believe they have a good hunch.
When it gets to buying penny stocks or selling them it is all up to you. Of course, there are plenty of tools you can use to be surer if it is time to buy or sell. But even they are not sure-fire. This is particularly true when it comes to how long to hold penny stocks. The problem with the period of holding penny stocks is that despite all indicators and your confidence some bad news like the company’s annual report may ruin everything. So, watch your penny stocks carefully, and when you see they are rising, and indicators show they could rise more, don’t wait too long. Take profit. That is what matters at the end of the day.

You can hold penny stocks 5 minutes or 5 months but never more than 6 months. That’s the answer.

10th October 2019
Getting Started Investing is the Hardest Part

Getting started investing can be very easy and smooth since you need a little money to start. Investing is better than savings accounts because it can shorten the period of earning.

By Gorica Gligorijevic

Getting started investing isn’t a big deal, it shouldn’t fright you. Honestly, it’s so easy.

You know what, when I was just a little girl (my grandma used to sing this) my parents gave a lot of effort to teach me how to save money. Grandparents would like to give me money for some holidays with advice to keep it for rainy days. I had my savings account. From time to time, they would put some money there but most of the time they insisted I have to put. And I did it. Not frequently, I have to admit, but still. With time that habit got strong roots. Every month I’d put 10% of my earnings on my savings account. I am still doing the same. That first savings account is my 10%-account.

No matter how big or small portion is. 10% would every time end there.

I can only speak from personal experience but I am sure that other people could easily find themselves in the same situation.

I am not going to give you advice because I know that is almost impossible to put anything on your savings when you are living paycheck to paycheck. Yes, the amount of money that the majority have available to spend every month is insufficient to put something aside. Despite the old saying about money: If you save me today, I’ll save you tomorrow.

But we all know how important is to have something aside. And it is possible. Let me show you how.

How getting started investing

Okay, do you know the rule “pay yourself first”? Yes, starting this is hard. But do you understand the meaning of this rule? Of course, you do but why not tell it again. This means you have to put on your savings every month some amount of money. It doesn’t matter how much it is. A few dollars, or other currency you have. Just when you get your salary, put aside several coins. Every month. And you will see, that amount will grow with time. Try this. I am not going to tell you how should you spend this money. You may have enough for exotic travel, or to buy a car, or after some time you may have enough for house buying deposit. Just start.

No, I will never tell you to live below your means.

Sacrificing isn’t a good way to save anything except life. If you try this method, living below your means, you will be unhappy and you will always have the feeling that something was taken from you. It can be a trigger for something more serious. But, anyway, try not to purchase the famous brands, too expensive things. Do it occasionally if it makes you happy. But don’t let it be your goal. Life is a lot more than brands.

Create a budget

What you can do is to make a budget frame. It is a smart idea to write down the amount of money you have every month. You can do that in some excel spreadsheet, or just in some memo. Also, there is a lot of money management apps you can use. OK, that’s the first step. The next is to subtract all the costs you have, for example, taxes, debts, loans if you have (don’t worry, we all have), etc. What you have in your hands after these deductions is your net income. This is the amount you have to use as a base for creating your budget. So, track your spending to be able to make some adjustments if it is necessary and possible, of course. You should review your budget from time to time to be sure you are on a good track.

Getting started investing

Do you know that your money can work for you? Yes. Let’s assume that after one year of saving you have enough for exotic travel. Why do you need to make it right now? Go somewhere else and save e.g. $1.000 on your trip. That amount is more than enough for getting started off investing. You can do that with less money, here you will find how. You can choose to invest in some mutual funds (it is probably the best for starting), or stocks, or real estate. By investing you will generate a greater return than your money sleeping in your savings account. If you invest in something you will let your money work for you. The whole process may be done with your banker’s help. Your bank has financial advisors, investment advisors, they will tell you where to invest. Or you can engage some brokers.

What are the advantages of investing

One of the main advantages of investment is that you can have your money work for you to earn more. Let’s say this way. You don’t need to work more to earn more. Your investment will that for you. Investing could bring you a higher living standard, for example.

Further, you can apply investment plans for saving and growing money. The best part of investing is that you can be a long-term investor and money earned from investments can be spent to cover future expenses, for example, for your retirement, or buying a house, new car, your children’s higher education costs, or just you want to have more.

It is important for you to understand that investing isn’t gambling.

You can make a profit on investment due to research and careful choice of a suitable investment vehicle. It isn’t betting. The truth is that you can make losses in the market. That’s the reason to make less risky investments. Never mind if they have lower returns. Stay on them until you find yourselves capable to play riskier. That time may never come. You can stay in safe investments for your whole life. It is OK.

In that way, you will protect your property in the long run.

So, you can see that getting started investing isn’t always the hardest part. It can be very easy and smooth. You just need a little money to start. At least if you have some targeted amount you have to save in some period, investing will short that period. You’ll be able to gain it sooner. Sounds good, don’t you think?

10th October 2019
Bull Market – What Everyone Should Know?

A stock bull market means that investment’s price rises over a long period. Investors’ faith in stock prices lead the prices themselves in a self-fulfilling prediction. A bull market means profits for investors who own stocks.

What exactly is a bull market? If you are like me several years ago, you are confused with all these terms, conditions, maths, evaluations, or estimations of the stock market.

May I be honest with you?

The truth is that I know nothing about the stock market when I entered. I was foolish, I know. But my desire to earn, to be investor was something I never have had before. It was like this…

A personal story

A friend of mine had a grandfather. Extremely interesting figure. He came from Italy to the US as a kid. OMG, he was just 12 when he bought a ticket and came with nothing except dreams about fortune. To shorten this story, after several years of struggling he made his first success. He became a clerk in the office of some broker. Step by step, that wonderful man became very rich. People, listen. Very rich!

I wanted the same. ASAP! I asked him for the recipe. Oh, how I would like I never did such a thing! The first lesson was: You know nothing, have to learn a lot. C’mon, man! Give me something else to start. I thought I know everything. I have just finished university. With a diploma in the hands, I thought I know everything possible about anything. Of course, I was wrong.

That blessed man told me I had to learn. How to, where to go? I spoke with some friends. No help. So, I decided to start. I found a broker, put some money (not a lot) on my trading account, and started to find a stock. That was a nightmare! My first trade was totally a disaster! I placed another trade. The result was the same. In two trades I lost everything.

Ok, at least I tried. Then I went back to my friend’s grandfather and asked him to teach me.

“You get your first lesson, my son.”

OK, I understand. I have to go for basic. And I started to learn. You must learn to have a chance to earn.

The bull market was the point where I started. I can’t explain why, but I felt I needed to know what it is.

The term “bull market” indicates a stock market is rising. Of course, every single investor supposes the market to rise. Better say, has a hope it will rise. But having only hope means to stand in the mud. You can slide in a moment and fall. Having my previous experience in the mind, I needed more facts.

Nice from this zoological term

So, I learned that the bull market occurs when the prices rise for 20% or more.

Further, I learned that a bull market systematically produces higher highs and higher lows. A stock bull market happens in a strong economy. Nice again, thanks bulls. But what can drive a stock bull market, that I wanted to know?

And I found (with a little help from my friend) that great revenue, profit, and P/E ratio are the most important.

The revenue should be in line with the economy, meaning revenue should grow by the speed of economic growth. Here is some interesting part. As consumers spend more on goods and services rise the economy will rise. Super!

And I came to the companies profit.

The revenue must generate profit.

But some knowledge defeated me. I thought that great profit is a wonderful thing and it is good when the company can generate more profit from the same revenue money. But it is not so simple.

And the P/E ratio! The stock price is just the amount of money it will cost to buy a share of a company. But stock prices can vary. If the demand for the stock rise, its price will rise too. The P/E ratio estimates the relationship between a stock price and its earnings per share.

I was confused just as you are now, I believe.

In a bull market

In a bull market, you’ll notice powerful demand and limited supply for securities. This means that more investors want to buy securities and less want to sell. What will happen? The stock price will rise, right. Let’s go further! Let’s observe investors’ psychology.

In the stock bull market condition, investors have the hope of earning a profit. They are positive and optimistic. Oh, how I wanted to have that experience. Instead, I was scared to death. I needed more knowledge to sure what I am doing. My first trade was so stressful and, by the way, I wanted to show my older friend that I can learn.

In the periods of the bull market, people have more money.

And they are spending. In turn, it stimulates the economy to grow. My old friend told me something important and let me share that with you.

When it is the bull market, you should buy stocks in the early stage, while they are not too expensive. As the price goes up, just wait for its peaks and sell your stocks. And don’t worry if there are some losses in price. It is temporary. Just invest in more stocks with a higher chance of getting a bigger return.
I am grateful to him for this lesson. But there was one piece of advice that sounded the most important to me: “Play the market like toreador plays his wonderful performance in the arena. Peaceful, with confidence, elegant. Tickling the bull. You have to know where the limits are, don’t get surprised.”

I’ll not. Thank you, my dear mentor.

9th October 2019
How to Calculate the Fair Value of Your Stock

Fair value points to the genuine value of a stock or other security that is agreed between the two parties, the seller and the buyer. It can be calculated for the assets that are traded, but not for the products that are being liquidated. It can be a challenge to calculate the fair value if there are no obviously visible market prices. The point of this is to define the price or value that is fair for both sides, the seller will not be on the losing side, and the buyer will end with a satisfying price.

For example, a trader Anna sells its stocks to the trader John at $50 per share. The trader John believes he could sell it at $70 per share once he gets them. So, John buys 1,000 shares at the price Anna is setting. It is a fair value because both sides agreed the price and the trade is beneficial for each of them.

How to calculate fair value?

You can do it with comparable information, for example.

Use respectable financial news and find the last closing price for the stock you want to buy. Say, you want to buy 100 shares of some company and the last closing price of their stocks was $30. The fair value of 100 shares would be 100 x 30 = $3,000.

Also, you can calculate the fair value using the discounted cash flows.

For example, you want to examine investment that offers a range of cash flows. And you can’t find anything comparable. So, how to calculate the fair value of the investment?

Let’s say it is an investment of $10,000 and it generates $2,500 cash flow per year. What you have to do is to write down the cash flows for, let’s say, 5 years.

$10,000

1 – $2,500
2 – $2,500
3 – $2,500
4 – $2,500
5 – $2,500

Assume that the rate of return is 6%, and first calculate the discount factor so that you could calculate the discounted cash flows for each year.

For calculation purposes, the percentages need to be transformed into whole numbers. It is done by adding 100 to the number of percents and then dividing that sum by 100, i.e. (100+6)/100=1.06. Now you can calculate the discount factor for each year by rising to power of that year this number, i.e. to the power of 1 for 1st, to power of 2 for 2nd, and so on.

That should look like this:

1.06^1 = 1.06
1.06^2 = 1.12
1.06^3 = 1.19
1.06^4 = 1.26
1.06^5 = 1.34

The next step is to divide every $2,500 cash flow by the discount factor for each of these five years.

$2,500 / 1,06 = $2,359
$2,500 / 1,12 = $2,232
$2,500 / 1.18 = $2,100
$2,500 / 1.26 = $1,984
$2,500 / 1.34 = $1,866

This produces five discounted cash flows of: $2,359, $2,232, $2,119, $1,984, and $1,866.
Add these five numbers to -10,000. That was the initial investment, do you remember? Let’s see the result. The result is 541. This means that using a 6% rate of interest, the fair value of this particular stocks is $541.

Also, you can calculate the fair value for a stock is by using the P/E (price to earnings) ratio.

The formula to calculate the P/E ratio is

the current stock price per share / current earnings per share

What you have to do is to compare P/E ratios among companies from the same industry. For example, if you want to find the fair value for a utility, you have to compare the P/E ratio to other P/E ratios in that industry.

If the company has a high P/E ratio it usually means the company is overvalued. On the other hand, a low P/E ratio shows the company is undervalued. For example, if you hold a stake of shares in a company with a P/E ratio of 4 and the average P/E ratio for other companies in the same industry is 2, you can be sure that your stock is expensive or, in other words, overvalued.

The next thing to do is to modify the stock price to the average P/E ratio. Let’s say the average P/E ratio is 2, and the P/E ratio on your stock is 4. This means the current price is $8 and earnings per share is $2. We know that by following the P/E ratio formula.

Use the P/E calculation to find what the stock price needs to have a P/E ratio of 2.

The equation is

New P/E ratio x Earnings per share

And the answer is 2 x $2 or $4. The fair value for this stock is $4, not $8.

Bottom line

The puzzle of what security is really worth is one of the basic questions in investing. By calculating fair value, you will find the answer, maybe not exactly but you will be very close to it. Although, fair value calculations are essential to any investor’s stock.

Ways to fair value can classify value investors and growth investors.

The growth investors will estimate earnings that can be unstable. On the other hand, value investors will buy stocks at a discount to their fair value. They will wait for the fair value of their investments to rise. But both kinds of investors have to know that their companies can stumble. Also, the company may get significantly bigger which will cause keeping historical growth rates difficult.

The point is to buy stocks that will rise to meet the fair value of the company.

You might find these interesting too:

>>> The Average Daily Trading Volume How to Calculate

>>> Calculate Portfolio Performance

>>> Short Selling For Profit

>>> Lot size in forex – What is it and How to calculate it?

3rd October 2019